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Resposta hipertensiva à Ergometria: correlatos clínicos, ecocardiográficos e de Monitorização da Pressão Arterialncanador Dissertação de Mestrado
Dissertação
apresentada como requisito necessário à obtenção de título de
Mestre em Medicina, área de concentração: Cardiologia da Fundação
Universitária de Cardiologia. Fundamentos - Elevação acentuada de pressão arterial em indivíduos normotensos no teste ergométrico – resposta hipertensiva – é fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de hipertensão arterial e associa-se com características demográficas e antropométricas, ecocardiográficas e de pressão arterial aferida por monitorização ambulatorial de pressão arterial (MAPA). Não se estabeleceu com clareza, entretanto, a intensidade de associação com cada componente da pressão arterial, a melhor definição de resposta hipertensiva e quais são os parâmetros clínicos, de MAPA e de ecocardiograma que se associam consistentemente com resposta pressórica no teste ergométrico.
ABSTRACT HYPERTENSIVE
RESPOSE TO EXERCISING TEST: CLINIC, ECHOCARDIGRAPHYC AND BLOOD PRESSURE
MONITORIZATION’S CORRELATIONS. Background
- Higher blood pressure response in normotensive individuals during
exercise testing – hypertensive response – is a risk factor for
hypertension and is associated with demographic and anthropometric
characteristics, cardiac dimensions and function evaluated by
echocardiography and blood pressure measured by ambulatory blood
pressoure monitoring (ABPM). It was not established, however, the
strength of such associations with each blood pressure component, the
best definition of hypertensive response, and which clinical,
echocardiographyc and ABPM parameters are more consistently associated
with blood pressure response during exercise electrocardiography. Objective
- To investigate the association between blood pressure response during
exercise testing, according to the systolic and diastolic component, and
measured directly and corrected by the estimated metabolic equivalent,
with clinical, echocardiographyc and ABPM parameters. Methods
- In a cross-sectional study, we selected 347 patients among 5271
evaluated in outpatient private clinic of cardiology who had clinical
evaluation, exercise test, echocardiography and ABPM done in the
interval of one year. In the total, 75 patients with office blood
pressure within normal values, free of cardiovascular or other relevant
diseases, were evaluated. Clinical data, anthropometric measurements and
office blood pressure were taken in a standardized fashion. Treadmill
test was done with the protocol of Bruce (Imbramedâ
KT – 10100 system); ABPM was set to take blood pressure in intervals
of 15 minutes in the daytime and intervals of 20 minutes in the nightime
(Cárdio Sistemasâ, DynaMapa oscilometric software). Two-dimensional echocardiograms with
color Doppler were done in ESAOTE Biomédicaâ
SIM 7000 CFM system. Pearson correlation coefficients were employed to
evaluate the association between anthropometric, demographic,
echocardiographyc and ABPM variables with blood pressure response in the
exercise testing, measured by the delta of blood pressure increasing
during the test and corrected by the estimated metabolic equivalent,
analyzing separately systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
Characteristics independently associated with systolic blood pressure
response corrected by the estimated metabolic equivalent were identified
in multiple linear regression models. Individuals with hypertensive
response defined by absolute values and by the top tertile of systolic
blood pressure response corrected by the estimated metabolic equivalent
were compared with those without hypertensive response. Results
- Systolic blood pressure response was associated more consistently with
several parameters than the diastolic component, especially if corrected
by the estimated metabolic equivalent. It was associated with age, body
mass index, systolic ABPM measured in 24 hours and at daytime and
nightime periods, and posterior wall thickness (P < 0,001). Age, body
mass index and nocturnal systolic blood pressure were independently
associated with systolic blood pressure response corrected by the
estimated metabolic equivalent in a multiple linear regression model.
The parameters associated with systolic blood pressure response were
also associated when the individuals were divided by tertiles of
systolic blood pressure response corrected by the estimated metabolic
equivalent. The individuals in the top tertile were older and had higher
body mass index, ABPM blood pressure and septal and posterior wall
thickness than the individuals of the lowers tertiles. Left ventricular
ejection fraction was lower in the top tertile. The individuals with
hypertensive response according to the absolute value of 210 mmHg of
maximal systolic blood pressure had higher office blood pressure,
systolic ABPM pressure and septal thickness than the individuals with
peak systolic blood pressure lower than 210 mmHg. One third of the
individuals classified as having presented hypertensive response by one
criterion did not present a hypertensive response by the other
definition. 1.
Conclusions - Systolic blood pressure response corrected by the estimated metabolic
equivalent was more capable to identify anthropometric, ABPM and
echocardiographyc differences between individuals with and without
hypertensive response in the exercise testing, compared to the
utilization of diastolic and absolute variation in blood pressure. The
differences identified in individuals classified in the top tertile
according to the systolic blood pressure response corrected by the
estimated metabolic equivalent suggest that they have pre-hypertensive
abnormalities and are more prone to present hypertension in the future. |